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ILAR Journal V32(2) 1990
Animal Models in Biomedical Research
Compiled by:
Kevin Kenny and Fred W. Quimby
| Kevin Kenny is a veterinarian and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Clinical Sciences and Fred W. Quimby is director, Center for Research Animal Resources, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, ComeIl University, Ithaca, New York. |
Special Insert to ILAR News, Volume 32, Number 2, 1990
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1990
INTRODUCTION
The following list was compiled to aid the educational endeavors of institutional animal care programs by cataloging available alternatives1 and adjuncts to the use of living vertebrate animals in research. The list contains resources generally available to investigators. Collections sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) with restricted distribution are listed in the Resources for Comparative Biomedical Research (see number 7 on page A 15).
The list will be periodically updated, and the authors request that readers contact them in writing regarding errors or omissions (221 Veterinary Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853).
VERTEBRATES
Fresh Tissues and Body Fluids
Human Abnormal
1. Human Neurological Specimen Bank
VA Wadsworth Medical Center
Neurology Research
Wilshire and Sawtelle
Los Angeles, CA 90073
Contact: Wallace W. Tourtellotte (213/824-4307)
This is a repository of human brain tissue from patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders, with particular emphasis on multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. Normal age-matched brain tissue is also stored. Tissue is distributed to neurobiologists, neurochemists, and virologists upon request. There is no cost to the user, and all legitimate requests are honored.
2. Brain Tissue Resource for Neuropsychiatric Research
McLean Hospital
115 Mill Street
Belmont, MA 02178
Contact: Edward D. Bird (617/855-2400)
This is a repository of human brain tissue from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, with emphasis on schizophrenia and movement disorders. Normal age-matched control brain tissue is available. Specimens are distributed to neurochemists and neurobiologists at no cost to the user.
3. Eye Research Institute
Research and Academic DevelOpment
Oakland University
Rochester, MI 48063
Contact: Venkat N. Reddy (313/370-2393)
This resource provides intact human lenses after cataract surgery. Because surgical methods in the United States have changed in recent years, whole intact lenses are no longer available in significant numbers. Therefore, lenses with brunescent and other cataracts are acquired from India. The lenses are photographed in India and classified in the United States before biochemical and biophysical studies are done.
4. National Cancer Institute Serum Diagnostic Bank
Diagnosis Program
Room 10Al5 Westwood Building
5333 Westbard Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20892
Contact: Roger L. Aamodt (301/496-7147)
This bank was created to collect, maintain, and distribute sera from patients with cancer, from patients with benign diseases, and from healthy controls in an attempt to identify and evaluate serum assays with clinical potential as biological markers of cancer. There are two serum banks, the Breast Cancer Serum Bank and the Diagnosis Serum Bank. Researchers who wish to obtain sera must provide evidence that they have a potentially useful assay. There is no charge for samples sent to researchers in the United States.
5. NIH AIDS Specimen Repository
CDC Building, Room 239
NIH
Bethesda, MD 20892
Contact: project officer (301/496-6177)
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Cancer Institute have contracts with five universities for study of the natural history of biological and behavioral events among homosexual men at risk for AIDS. This study includes clinical and epidemiologic data; laboratory data; and the collection of specimens of plasma, serum, semen, stool, urine, and throat washings. Aliquots of these specimens are frozen and stored in a central repository. They are available to qualified researchers. A protocol of the intended use of such specimens must be provided to the project officer, and the proposal will be evaluated for scientific merit. There is no charge for use of the repository.
Human Normal
1. Cooperative Human Tissue Network National Cancer Institute
This resource was created to improve access to adequately prepared and well-documented human tumor and related normal tissue for cancer research. The network is available to all cancer researchers. Cost is $15 per tissue preparation plus shipping.
The network is composed of three divisions listed below. The description of services is similar at each division and is described for the Eastern Division only. A separate division distributes pediatric tissues.
Eastern Division:
National Disease Research Interchange
2401 Walnut Street
Suite 408
Philadelphia, PA 19103
(800/222-6374)
Contact: Margaret Couture (215/557-7361)
This resource is a nonprofit organization founded in 1980 to provide biomedical researchers regular access to human tissues and organs. Since its founding, it has provided 38,000 tissue samples of human origin to researchers. Tissues available include liver, heart, lung, pancreas, kidney, stomach, skin, artery, nerve, brain, and eye.
A procurement team is on call around the clock to coordinate retrieval, preservation, and delivery of tissue. Processing and preservation occurs at the laboratory in Philadelphia, and a researcher's protocol will be followed with regard to tissue procurement and preservation. Tissue may be obtained in the following states: fresh (40° C), fixed and frozen (-20 to -800° C), and flash frozen (liquid nitrogen).
An application form is available from the above address. The application is reviewed for scientific merit and feasibility by a review committee.
Northwestern Division:
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Suite 302
410 West 12th Avenue
Columbus, OH 43210
Contact: Karen Donovan (614/292-0890)
Southwestern Division:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Tissue Procurement
LHR 524
University Station
Birmingham, AL 35294
Contact: Kathy Sexton (205/934-6071)
Pediatric Tissues:
Children's Cancer Study Group
Pediatric Tissue Procurement
Children's Hospital
Room J058
Columbus, OH 43205
Contact: Michael Steinbuch (614/461-2205)
2. International Institute for the Advancement of Medicine
P.O. Box 175
Essington, PA 19029
Contact: Brenda N. Bardsley (215/521-1078)
Founded in 1986, this nonprofit organization provides human tissues from hospitals, clinics, and organ and tissue procurement agencies to biomedical researchers. This human tissue would normally be discarded. No tissue is obtained without consent from the patient or the donor's next of kin. Blood of the donor can be screened for infectious agents. Viable specimens are available in a medium of choice, and on-site freezing is also performed.
Tissues are classified as follows:
- Prenatal cadaverous tissue, both normal and diseased. · Nontransplantable organs or tissues of brain-dead cadavers from neonatal to age 65 years. These are usually normal.
- Cadaverous tissue less than 24 hours postmortem; includes both normal and diseased tissue from neonatal to adult. The tissues obtained are relatively resistant to anoxia.
- Surgically derived specimens that are often diseased and not available from all ages.
University of Minnesota
1919 University Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55104
Contact: Harvey Sharp (612/624-2422)
The contractor has established a resource for biomedical researchers to obtain hunlan liver tissue, which has been obtained from whole or partial livers removed from liver transplant recipients during surgery or from diseased livers removed from cadavers. Liver tissue from organ donations that cannot be used for transplantation is also available. Preference is given to NIH grantees.
Nonhuman Primates
1. Primate Supply Information Clearinghouse
Primate Information Center
Regional Primate Research Center, S J-50
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Telephone (206/543-5178); Fax (206/545-0305)
Contact: Jackie Pritchard (206/543-4376)
This information source promotes the efficient sharing of laboratory primates by research institutions. A weekly bulletin entitled New Listings and a second bulletin entitled Continuing Listings provides information on blood and tissues available to researchers. The description typically includes the species; specimens available; and name, address, and telephone number of the contact person. Specimens available include whole blood, serum, and plasma; fresh, frozen, and fixed tissues; radiographs; and cadavers. Inquiries about cost for these specimens should be made to the contact person. It is also possible to list in these bulletins fluid or tissue specimens that a researcher requires. The coordinator of the publications is Cathy A. Johnson-Delaney.
2. The following centers provide tissue and organ specimens and body fluids from primates when available. The cost of preparing and shipping such specimens is paid by the recipient.
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center
Emory University
Atlanta, GA 30322
Director: Frederick A. King (404/727-7707)
Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center
1223 Capitol Street
Madison, WI 53715-1299
Director: Robert Goy (608/263-3500)
Oregon Regional Primate Research Center
505 NW 185th Avenue
Beaverton, OR 97006
Director: B. Vaughn Critchlow (503/645-1141)
New England Regional Primate Research Center
One Pine Hill Drive
Southborough, MA 01772
Director: Ronald D. Hunt (508/481-0400)
Delta Regional Primate Research Center,
Three Rivers Road
Covington, LA 70433
Director: Peter J. Gerone (504/892-2040, ext. 201)
California Primate Research Center
University of California Davis
Davis, CA 95616
Director: Charles E. Cornelius (916/752-0420)
Bowman Gray School of Medicine
Wake Forest University
Winston-Salem, NC 27103
Contact: Carolyn F. Moyer (919/764-3600)
Other Mammals
1. Animal Models for Comparative Medical Research
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99164-7040
Contact: David J. Prieur (509/335-6032)
Tissues and other specimens are intermittently available from the following animal models: Chediak-Higashi syndrome in cattle and cats, myopathy in labrador retriever dogs, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in dogs, lysozyme deficiency in rabbits, combined immunodeficiency in horses, inherited prepuberal diabetes mellitus in Keeshond dogs, bovine acrodermatitis enteropathica, ovine beta galactosidase deficiency, familial canine dermatomyositis, inherited feline tremors, and tottering and quaking mutant mice. There is no cost to the user.
2. National Eye Institute
Building 31, Room 6A51
Bethesda, MD 20892
Contact: Jack McLaughlin (301/496-9110)
Tissues from miniature poodles, Irish setters, and Norwegian elkhounds are available to qualified researchers. These dogs are used as models of hereditary retinal degenerations. A protocol is reviewed for scientific merit, and tissue is available on a competitive basis. Shipping costs are charged to the user.
3. Bovine Leukemia Herd
Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
Office of Research Administration
Suite 300
133 S. 36th Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
(215/898-9026)
Twenty cattle and 10 sheep infected with bovine leukemia virus are maintained, as well as 10 uninfected cattle and 10 uninfected sheep. From these animals, outside investigators can obtain blood, serum, plasma, bone marrow, and virus-producing leukocytes. The cost is determined by the specimen required plus shipping and handling.
4. Porphyric Cattle Herd
Regents of the University of Minnesota
Office of Research Administration
1919 University Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55104
Contact:George Ruth (612/625-7043)
This cattle herd exhibits natural models of most forms of porphyria that exist in humans. Research materials are available to biomedical researchers free of charge.
5. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20418
Contact: Dorothy Greenhouse (202/334-2590)
This resource maintains a computer print-out, which is constantly updated, on sources of blood, serum, tissues, and organs from various mammals and birds. The print-out lists the company's name, address, telephone number, and contact person. It also provides data on the species a company deals with and what material it can supply.
Living Animals for Noninvasive Studies at Parent Institutions
1. Marmoset Colony for Cancer Research
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
P.O. Box 117
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117
(615/576-4103)
This institute maintains, for the National Cancer Institute, a colony of 275 marmosets. These animals are to be used for on-site research by intramural and extramural investigators in biological or cancer-related research, without the animals being sacrificed. The above institute provides all clinical and support services and provides tissue and fluids as necessary.
2. Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research
West Loop 410 at Military Drive
San Antonio, TX 78284
Contact: Jorg Eichberg (512/674-1410)
Fifty chimpanzees are available for nondestructive research that is most likely to advance hepatitis and AIDS research. The research must focus on transfusion-associat-ed infections. Research proposals must be submitted to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The cost to the user is per diem for animals and experimental procedures.
3. Caribbean Primate Research Center
Box 1053
Sabana Seca, PR 00749
Contact: Matt Kessler (809/784-6619)
Over 2,000 monkeys are available for on-site, noninva-sive studies on spontaneous diseases, behavior, and genetics. Specific diseases currently under study are arthritis and osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity, retinal degeneration, and hypertension.
4. Aged Nonhuman Primates
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
BRCM, Building 31, Room 5C-21
900 Rockviile Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
Contact: Dewitt Hazzard (301/496-6402)
The NIA maintains four groups of nonhuman primates that can be used on location for noninvasive studies only. Each group consists of intact animals of both sexes, aged 15-32 years. The animals are housed at NIH-sponsored primate centers in Wisconsin (rhesus), Washington (rhesus and nemestrema), Oregon (rhesus), and California (rhesus).
INVERTEBRATES
Multicellular Marine Animals
1. Marine Biomedical Institute
200 University Boulevard
League Hall H63
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX 77550-2772
Contact: Roger T. Hanlon (409/761-2133)
This resource, which is currently under development, is examining the laboratory culture of octopus for biomedical research. A limited number of octopi including eggs and hatchlings are available on a selective basis. This institute is also examining the capture, maintenance, and culture of loligonid squids. One species is available locally throughout the year for resident and visiting scientists. Other wild-caught species are available on a seasonal basis; advance notice is required to acquire them. Additional species are available in limited numbers. Requests are considered by the director, and cost of the service is available from the director.
2. Duke Marine Laboratory
Beaufort, NC 28516
Contact: Bill Kirby-Smith (919/728-2111 )
Marine species can be collected for researchers if the possibility arises when members of this laboratory are collecting for their own research or are performing studies at sea.
3. Marine Biological Laboratory
Supply Department
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Contact: John Valois or Homer Smith (508/548-3705)
This laboratory supplies a wide range of species ranging from sponges to chordates. Their catalog lists the species, prices, shipping arrangements, and shipping costs.
4. Carolina Biological Supply Company
2700 York Road
Burlington, NC 27215
(919/584-0381)
A variety of species is available. A catalog is available on request.
5. Gulf Specimen Company
P.O. Box 237
Panacea, FL 32346
Contact: Mary Ellen Chaspain (904/984-5297)
Over 175,000 species are listed in the current catalog. Most species are from the northen part of the Gulf of Mexico; some are from the southern part of the Gulf. The cost of the catalog is $4.
6. Northeast Marine Environmental Institution, Inc.
P.O. Box 666
Monument Beach, MA 02553
Contact: Paul Shave (508/759-4055)
Species from the eastern seaboard are available from the second week of May until the fall.
7. Pacific Bio-Marine Laboratories, Inc.
P.O. Box 536
Venice, CA 90291
Contact: Cindy Selig or Chandra Tenley (213/822-5757)
This company supplies a wide range of species, including sponges, fish, and sharks. A catalog lists the species and costs; the cost of the catalog is $1.
8. Sea Life Supply
740 Tioga Avenue
Sand City, CA 93955
Contact: Michael Morris (408/394-0828)
This company supplies many species from sponges to chordates. A catalog is available on request.
Nematode and Trematode Collections
1. Caenorhabditis Genetics Center
Division of Biological Sciences
Tucker Hall
University of Missouri
Columbia, MO 65211
Contact: Donald Riddle (314/882-6363)
This center acquires and distributes genetic stocks of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and other Caenorhabditis species. The collection houses at least 1,200 strains and includes at least one allele of each identified gene, all available chromosome rearrangements, and selected multiply mutant stocks useful for genetic mapping. Applications should provide a summary of the research use intended for the specimens. The cost is for shipping only.
Schistosoma-Infected Snails
University of Lowell Research Foundation
450 Aiken Street
Lowell, MA 01854
Contact: John I. Bruce (508/459-0782)
Snails infected with different species of Schistosoma are available to researchers. The cost is for shipping and containers only.
3. Filariasis Repository
Department of Parasitology
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
Contact: John W. McCall (404/542-8449)
This repository maintains various species of filiarial parasites in host animals and colonies of vector arthropods. It will supply these and parasite materials to investigators. The cost is for shipping and containers only.
Algae Collections
1. Fresh Water Algae Collection
Department of Botany
Duke University
Durham, NC 27706
Contact: Elizabeth Harris (919/684-5243)
This collection houses many strains of the genus Chlamydomonas.
2. Fresh Water Algal Stock Center
Department of Botany
University of Texas
Austin, TX 78712
Contact: Richard C. Starr (512/471-4019)
This collection is described in detail in a supplement to the Journal of Phycology, 1988. Many different species of algae are maintained, both freshwater and marine. The user fee for academic and nonprofit institutions is $10 for each item; the fee for commercial companies is $25.
3. Provasoli Guillard Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton
Bigelow Laboratories
Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575
Curator: Rhonda Selvin (207/633-2173)
This collection houses over 1,200 isolates of clonal phy-toplanktonic single cells. The majority are marine, with a few from freshwater. The cost to nonprofit institutions is $45 per specimen. The cost to commercial institutions is $90 per specimen.
4. American Type Culture Collection
12301 Parklawn Drive
Rockvii!e, MD 20852
(301/881-2600)
Over 1,000 algae and protozoa are described in the 16th edition of the "Algae/Protozoa" catalog published in 1985. This catalog describes each strain, and an update printed in 1989 provides information on more recent additions to the collection. The catalog also details media formulations for the growth of these organisms. The cost per item is $45 to U.S. and Canadian nonprofit institutions and $72 to other U.S. and foreign institutions. Certain cultures are listed as Preceptroi cultures and cost $12 each.
Yeast Collections
1. Yeast Genetic Stock Center
Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
Curator: Rebecca Contopoulou (415/642-0815)
The center collects, maintains, and distributes genetically well-characterized strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevesiae. Each of the 900 strains maintained bears from one to several mutant loci. There are also sets of mapping strains, transformation strains, and high sporulation mutants in the collection. The cost for each strain is $10.
2. American Type Culture Collection
12301 Parklawn Drive
Rockvii!e, MD 20852
(301/881-2600)
The 17th edition of the "Fungi/Yeast" catalog lists a number of yeast strains. A separate update to this catalog has been recently published. These strains are available at a cost of $45 per item to U.S. and Canadian nonprofit institutions and $72 to other U.S. and foreign institutions. Certain cultures are listed as Preceptroi cultures and cost $12 each.
Drosophila Collections
1. Department of Biological Sciences
Bowling Green State University
Bowling Green, OH 43403
Contact: Ronnie Woodruff (419/372-8565)
This center maintains over 4,000 different strains of Drosophila melanogaster and disseminates these stocks to teaching and research laboratories. There is no user fee.
2. Department of Biological Sciences
Bowling Green State University
Bowling Green, OH 43403
Contact: Jung S. Yoon (419/372-2742)
This collection maintains 400 different species of Drosophila. Users are charged a small fee.
3. Department of Biology
Indiana University
Bloomington, IN 47405
Contact: Thomas Kaufman (812/855-3033)
This is a repository for various mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. It also maintains some 20 other species of Drosophila. Stocks include classically derived and P ele-ment-induced mutant lines. There is no user fee.
CELL LINES AND HYBRIDOMAS
1. American Type Culture Collection
12301 Parklawn Drive
Rockvii!e, MD 20852
(301/881-2600)
The sixth edition of the catalog of cell lines and hybridomas was issued in 1988. This collection contains over 2,800 characterized cell lines and hybridomas, and the cells are listed in various sections.
- "Certified Cell Lines": This lists 254 highly characterized cells. The information available includes the genealogy and history of the cell line with regard to species of origin, sex, race, age, tissue, initial isolation and culture technique used, and uses of the cells. Other parameters listed include cell viability before freezing and after thawing, growth potential of freshly thawed cells, plating efficiency, morphology and karyology, virus susceptibility, isoenzymes, and presence or absence of reverse transcriptase.
- "Cell Repository Lines": Most cell lines are accessioned first as less well characterized cell repository lines. The species of origin and recoverability from liquid nitrogen have been verified. Other data provided include the current medium used to propagate the cells, references to the cell line, and the submitter. Included in this category are over 150 human skin fibroblasts obtained from normal individuals and from those with genetic disorders. These cells have not been extensively characterized so that the investigator can obtain early passage level cells.
- "Human Tumor Cell Bank": This bank is made up of 169 tumor cell lines having the glucose-6-phosphate type B enzyme and thus not of HeLa origin. Each listing includes the medium used for propagation, clinical background of the patient from whom the line was obtained, method of growth, morphology, karyology, and tumorigenicity. For the reference seed stock prepared at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the following information is listed: number of serial subcultures from the tissue of origin, freeze medium, viability after thawing, culture medium, and isoenzyme profile.
- "Tumor Immunology Bank": This bank, comprising 230 cell lines considered to be of value in tumor immunology research includes: both secreting and nonsecreting mouse myelomas, mouse lymphomas, mouse leukemic cells, mouse monocyte-macrophage, and normal and transformed mouse fibroblast lines. Information listed details the medium used for propagation, how the cell was derived, its tumorigenicity, references, and the submitter. A series of hybridomas, the products of which are considered useful in tumor research, are listed briefly, and these 87 hybridomas are listed in full in the "Tumor Immunology Bank" hybridoma section.
- "Hybridoma Bank": The aim of this collection is to store hybridoma cells that produce monoclonal antibodies specific for H-2, HLA, leukocyte differentiation, and viral antigens. Listed are 150 hybridomas, for the reasons stated above. A description lists how the hybridoma was derived, what the monoclonal antibody secreted by the hybridoma is specific for, its isotype, the culture medium used, references, and the submitter. Also listed here are 112 hybridomas that have been deposited with the collection for patent purposes, but these have been less well characterized. Hybridomas are also listed under two other sections. First, the "Certified Cell Lines" and "Cell Repository Lines" hybridoma section lists 69 hybridomas, the products of which are specific for a number of human and microbial antigens. Second, the "Tumor Immunology Bank" hybridomas secrete monoclonal antibodies useful in tumor research, and there are over 80 listings. Information provided on these hybridomas is similar to that provided for cells in the "Hybridoma Bank."
- "Naval Biosciences Laboratory Collection Cell Lines": This section comprises 1,552 cell lines, which were transferred to the ATCC from the Naval Biosciences Laboratory in California in 1982. Many of these cell lines are primary and mixed. The animal cell lines originate from 60 species. The human cells number over 900, including normal cells and over 200 tumor cells.
The cost of cells is $45 for U.S. and Canadian nonprofit institutions, $72 for other U.S. and foreign institutions. Cells are shipped frozen in ampoules; there is an additional $35 charge for cell lines sent in flasks.
Human Genetic Mutant Cell Repository
Coriell Institute for Medical Research
Copewood and Davis Streets
Camden, NJ 08103
(609/757-4848; 800/752-3805)
This repository was initiated in 1972 and contains low passage cell cultures that have been isolated from patients with chromosomal aberrations and biochemical genetic disorders. The 14th edition of the catalog of cell lines was issued in 1988 and lists 4,409 cell cultures broken down into the following categories:
- Apparently normal human fibroblasts
- Biochemically mutant human fibroblasts
- Chromosomally aberrant human fibroblasts
- Virus-transformed fibroblast cultures
- Apparently normal human lymphoblasts
- Biochemically mutant human lymphoblasts
- Chromosomally aberrant human lymphoblasts
- Human amniotic fluid cell cultures
- Animal cell cultures, hybridomas, somatic cell hybrids
3. National Institute on Aging
(1989 Catalog of Cell Lines)
R. A. Mulivar
Coriell Institute for Medical Research
Copewood and Davis Streets
Camden, NJ 08103
(609/757-4848; 800/752-3805)
This catalog lists many categories of cell cultures for cellular aging studies. The cells are grouped into the following five categories:
- specially characterized diploid cell cultures,
- human skin fibroblasts from the Gerontology Research Center longitudinal study,
- apparently normal human fibroblasts, lymphoblasts, and differentiated cell cultures,
- human cell cultures from patients with diseases relevant to aging, and
- nonhuman cell cultures.
Studies performed on each cell line ascertain the species of origin, karyotype, and the feature it possesses that causes it to be in the repository (e.g., a biochemical or chromosomal defect). The appendixes in the catalog provide information on the submitter, references concerning the clinical aspect of patients from whom cells were obtained, and studies that used cells presently in the collection. Cells are available in 75 cm2 tissue culture flasks at a cost of $75 per flask.
4. Biomeasure, Inc.
9-15 "E" Avenue
Hopkinton, MA 01748
Contact: Arthur Bogden (508/435-6863)
The Breast Cancer Animal and Human Tumor Bank at Bogden Laboratories functions as a repository for transplantable human and animal tumors, with emphasis on mammary tumors and endocrinological tumors. Characterization studies on each tumor cell line are undertaken to ascertain lag time, growth curves, host survival time, histopathology, and effects on plasma hormone levels. The cost for a frozen vial is available upon request.
5. National Cancer Institute
Environmental Epidemiology Branch
Section of Family Studies
Executive Plaza North
Room 439
Bethesda, MD 20892
Contact: Margaret Tucker (301/496-4375)
This repository comprises about 2,000 cell lines, fibro-blasts, and tumor cell lines from individuals at high risk of cancer. Most lines are well characterized with a good clinical and family history. The restriction to obtaining these cells is that the requestor must be in collaboration with scientists in the Environmental Epidemiology Branch or must have a protocol approved by the Environmental Epidemiology Branch. There is no cost where collaboration is performed; otherwise, there is a $60 charge for each cell line.
6. Development of Antibodies to Mouse Cell Surface Antigens
Sloan-Kettering Institute
1275 York Avenue
Department 6122, 313 Kettering Building
New York, NY 10021
Contact: Shoji Kimura (212/639-7507)
This center produces, characterizes, and distributes alloantibodies and monoclonal antibodies to murine cell surface antigens. Users must submit a written request to the contact person, and shipping costs are charged.
PRESERVED SPECIMENS
1. North American Collections of Recent Mammals
The May 1987 (vol. 68, no. 2) issue of the Journal of Mammalogy--which is published by the American Society of Mammalogists--includes a supplement by T. L. Yates, W. R. Barber, and D. M. Armstrong that presents the results of a survey concerning North American collections of recent mammals.
There are 51 major collections (i.e., collections containing over 10,000 specimens) of mammals in North America. Of those, 6 are in Canada, 1 is in Mexico, and 44 are in the United States. These major collections cumulatively house almost 2.5 million specimens.
The preparations include specimens preserved in alcohol, specimens preserved in formalin, dried entire skeletons, cleared and stained specimens, microscopic preparations, karyotypes, chromosome squashes, taxidermic mounts, tanned skins, bacula and glandes, parasites, species of known age, and specimens of zoo and domestic animals. Some collections also house embryos, hearts, endocranial casts, and electrophoretograms.
The supplement includes a directory of collections arranged alphabetically by country, state, institution name, and collection name. The number of specimens in the collection is provided, along with a breakdown of these specimens. The name of a contact person and a telephone number is also provided. Inquiries concerning this supplement should be addressed to:
H. Duane Smith, Secretary-Treasurer
American Society of Mammatogists
501 Widstoe Building
Department of Zoology
Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602
2. Bird Collections in the United States and Canada
In 1973, the journal Auk (90:136) published an article entitled "Bird Collections in the United States and Canada" by Richard C. Banks et al. This article breaks down collections into three categories depending on size: those with less than 200 specimens, those with 200-1,000 specimens, and those with greater than 1,000 specimens. The specimens are classified as study skins, skeletons, fluid-pre-served specimens, and eggs and nests. The collections are listed by state, and each entry includes the address, director's name, and contents of the collection.
3. World Inventory of Avian Skeletal Specimens,
D. S.Wood and G. D. Schnell (1986)
World Inventory of Avian Spirit Specimens,
D. S.Wood, M. A. Jenkinson, and R. Zussi (1982)
Inventory of Bird Egg Collections of North America,1985,
L. F. Kiff and D. J. Hough
These inventories were prepared by the American Ornithologists Union and the Oklahoma Biological Survey. They are available from:
Frank R. Moore
Assistant to the Treasurer American Ornithologists Union Department of Biology
University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406 (601/266-4929)
4. Fish Collections in the United States and Canada
In 1976, Copeia published an article entitled "Fish Collections in the United States and Canada" by B. B. Col-lette and E. A. Lachner (1976:618). Collections are divided into four classes based on their size. The primary and secondary types of species are outlined, along with the geographical coverage of the holdings and the documentation available. The appendix provides an annotated list of fish collections by state and provides the address of each holding, the total number of species, the total number of lots, and the types of species kept.
5. Reptile Collections in the United States
In 1975, Copeia published an article entitled "Resources in Herpetology" by David B. Wake et al. (1975:391). It divided collections into five categories: museum, large, moderate, small, and private. Addresses are not provided for all collections.
6. Directory, Resources of Biomedical and Zoological Specimens
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Registry of Comparative Pathology
6825 16th Street NW
Washington, DC 20306
(202/576-2452)
Published in 1981, this directory lists collections in various research institutions, universities, or with individuals by area of biomedical research. The information was collected in response to a questionnaire in the Comparative Pathology Bulletin. The directory will be updated in 1990.
7. National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
10th and Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20560
Contact:
Department of Entomology (202/357-2078)
Department of Invertebrate Zoology
Division of Crustacea (202/357-2506)
Division of Worms (202/357-2472)
Division of Echinoderms (202/357-2553)
Division of Mollusks (202/357-2342)
Department of Vertebrate Zoology
Division of Mammals (202/357-1920)
Division of Birds (202/357-2031)
Division of Amphibians and Reptiles (202/357-2778)
Division of Fishes (202/357-4098)
A vast array of biological specimens is available for study, primarily for systematic research. Contact each unit for specific policies concerning lending and use.
8. American Museum of Natural History
Central Park West at 79th Street
New York, NY 10024
Contact: Dean of Science Office (212/769-5805)
A great diversity of preserved materials representing the major zoological groups (invertebrates and vertebrates) is available on a short-term basis for research. Requests will be reviewed on an individual basis by the departments responsible for the collections.
9. American Veterinary Medical Association
930 North Meacham Road
Schaumburg, IL 60196
(800/248-2862)
The directory published annually by this organization lists the addresses of the veterinary colleges in the United States and Canada and includes the names of chairs of departments of anatomy and their telephone numbers. Investigators interested in the availability of preserved specimens and/or skeletons from veterinary colleges may wish to contact these departments.
DATA BANKS
1. National Toxicology Program Archive
Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc.
P.O. Box 13566
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Contact: Mel Hamlin (919/544-8048)
This archive includes histological slides, paraffin blocks, and formalin-fixed wet tissues stored from over 300 National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program toxicology and carcinogenicity studies. These tissues have all been studied and the reports filed. They are available to pathologists after approval has been obtained from the project officer.
2. Chemical Carcinogen Reference Standard
Repository
Midwest Research Laboratories
Kansas City, MO 64110
Contact: Stephen Graves (816/753-7600)
This repository houses over 600 compounds for reference standards. Some of the chemicals are in a radiolabeled form. Users must have the proper facilities. Cost to the user depends on the chemical requested.
3. Carcinogenesis Data Bioassay System
P.O. Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Contact: Mike Rowley (919/541-3436)
This data bank contains carcinogenesis and/or toxicity data on over 600 chemicals from the National Cancer Institute and National Toxicology Program bioassay programs. Animal weights, food consumption, and tumor and nontu-mor pathology data on these chronic studies are maintained. There is no on-line access to this data, but copies can be supplied on tape. The charge to the user varies.
SERVICES
1. Biotechnology Institute
519 Wartik Laboratory
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
Contact: Jeff Davidson (800/833-5533 or 814/863-3650)
Services are provided to researchers in the areas of (1) microbial culture, (2) mammalian cell culture, and (3) separation and purification of cells and proteins. These services are priced to recover operating and overhead costs. In addition, training programs dealing with separation technology, fermentation methods, bioreactors, and mammalian cell culture are frequently offered.
2. American Type Culture Collection
12301 Parklawn Drive
Rockville, MD 20852
Contact: Charlie Mills (301/881-2600, ext. 530)
This resource can produce cells and cell supematants for researchers in volumes of 1 to 25 liters.
3. Bioprocess Scale-up
University of Maryland
Wind Tunnel Building
College Park, MD 20742
Contact: Edward M. Seibert (301/454-1479)
This center can culture mammalian cells, including hybridomas. It deals with volumes from 2 liters to several hundred liters. Monoclonal antibodies are produced using hollow fiber technology. Stirred tanks are used for growing other mammalian cells when the researcher is interested in the cells, their products, or both. Partial purification of proteins is undertaken through initial ultrafiltration followed by a combination of ion exchange, gel filtration, and affinity of chromatography. Information on fees is available from the contact person.
4. Abbott Laboratories
Department 456, R-lB
14th and Sheridan Road
North Chicago, IL 60064
Contact: Mel Long or John Ryan (708/937-2408)
This company cultures mammalian cells, including hybridomas. It can handle volumes ranging from I liter to several hundred liters. Hybridomas can initially be grown in different systems to determine which method will suit the researcher best in terms of yield of monoclonal antibody and scale-up feasibility. Mammalian cells are grown in roller bottles or spinner cultures. Cells are harvested through microfiltration and centrifugation. Complete protein purification can be performed.
5. UniSyn Fibertec Corporation
11011 Via Frontera
San Diego, CA 92127
Contact: J. Rosenberg (619/451-3770)
This company uses proprietary hollow-fiber-based technology to produce monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and other products of mammalian cells. Both anchorage-dependent and suspension cell line can be grown. To optimize production, high-yielding cell lines are isolated, and the hollow-fiber membrane and media formulation most compatible with cell growth, product secretion, and product recovery are identified. Complete product purification can be performed.
6. Tissue Culture Association Report
19110 Montgomery Village Avenue
Suite 300
Gaithersburg, MD 20879
Editor: Evelyn M. Rivera (301/869-2900)
This association's newsletter provides information on biotechnology centers that will do contract cell culture.
LITERATURE AND FURTHER INFORMATION
1. Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health
615 North Wolfe Street
Baltimore, MD 21205
Director: Alan Goldberg (301/955-3343)
This center produces a newsletter several times each year and has published a bibliography on alternatives to living animals in biomedical research.
2. Animal Welfare Information Center
National Agricultural Library
Room 301
Beltsville, MD 20705
(301/344-3212)
This center has several publications of interest to biomedical scientists, including bibliographies and special reference briefs on various topics. These are available free of charge. Articles originally prepared by the center can be accessed via electronic bulletin board at 800/345-5785. The center also provides a document delivery service and a book location service.
3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box 2008
Building 2001
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6050
Contact: Po-Yung Lu (615/574-7587)
This resource publishes quarterly bibliographies on alternatives to the use of live vertebrates in biomedical research and testing. The bibliographies are composed by the National Library of Medicine and staff of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They are available free of charge. It is possible to obtain back issues and to be added to the mailing list for future issues. These bibliographies are essentially abstracts of articles from the scientific press in which in vitro methods were used rather than living vertebrates in toxicologic and other biomedical research. The headings under which these bibliographic entries are listed include carcinogenicity, cytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and teratology.
The Toxicology Information Response Center (TIRC) is an information analysis center located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory that focuses on life sciences information and provides access to published literature for all requesters. There is a charge for this service, and the contact person is Kimberly G. Slusher.
4. National Center for Research Resources
Biological Models and Materials Research Program
Westwood Building
Room 8A07
5333 Westbard Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20892
Director: Louise Ramm (301/402-0630)
This program has two main objectives. First, it promotes the development of nonmammalian models for research and calls for proposals on a regular basis. Second, it provides researchers with biological material by supporting organizations such as the American Type Culture Collection and the National Disease Research Interchange, from which investigators can obtain material.
Primate Supply Information Clearinghouse
Primate Information Center
Regional Primate Research Center, S J-50
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Telephone (206/543-5178); Fax (206/545-0305) Contact: Jackie Pritchard (206/543-4376)
See page A6 for description.
6. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20418
Contact: Dorothy Greenhouse (202/334-2590)
Provides information on appropriate animal models for studying physiologic and pathologic processes, as well as sources of animal models (see also page A7).
7. A listing entitled Resources for Comparative Biomedical Research is available from the NIH. It lists all research resources that are funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (formerly Division of Research Resources). Order from:
Research Resources Information Center
1601 Research Boulevard
Rockville, MD 20850
(301/984-2870)
8. Division of Biotic Systems and Resources
National Science Foundation
1800 G Street
Washington, DC 20550
Contact: James Edwards (202/357-7332)
Information on collections funded by the National Science Foundation is available.
9. International Species Information Systems (ISIS)
12101 Jonneycake
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Telephone (612/431-9295); Fax (612/432-2757)
This organization maintains information on live zoo animals, including capture and breeding histories. Currently, 112,000 vertebrates of 4,000 species are tracked; they are from 345 facilities worldwide. Data do not include most U.S. research facilities; animals are primarily in zoos. Only information on holdings is provided. The directors of individual zoological gardens must be contacted to make arrangements for research. By necessity, the kinds of research allowed on zoo animals are rather restricted.
10. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums
Oglebay Park
Wheeling, WV 26003
(304/242-2160)
This organization publishes a directory of zoological parks and aquariums in the Americas. It lists the collections in each state and gives the address, telephone number, and number of species maintained for each collection.
11. Duke Marine Laboratory
Beaufort, NC 28516
Contact: Joseph Bonaventura (919/728-2111)
The proceedings of a workshop entitled "Marine Models in Biomedical Research" held at this institution was published in the Biological Bulletin (176:337-348).
12. Fund for Replacement of Animals in Biomedical Research
Eastgate House
34 Stoney Street,
Nottingham NG1 1NB
England
(011 44 602 584740)
This organization publishes the journal Alternatives to Laboratory Animals four times each year.
1"The concept, availability and use of research or testing methods that limit the use of animals or minimize animal distress" (1985 Amendment to Animal Welfare Act, Regulations, Personnel Qualifications: Training, Federal Register 54[ 1681:36153, 1989).
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